Thrombocytopenia is a hematological disorder which decreases the platelet count. Normal range of platelet counts is 150,000 to 450,000 / microL, below this cause thrombocytopenia. Platelets play an important role in the blood clot, if there is a less platelet count body cannot form clots and bleeding will not stop. There are various causes of thrombocytopenia; one reason might be that bone marrow is not forming enough platelets and another cause is that the body is breaking down its platelets at a very fast rate and disorder like splenomegaly, enlargement of spleen which traps and store too many platelets which decrease the number of platelets in the circulation and cause thrombocytopenia. Decrease platelet counts occur due to various chemotherapeutic agents like Nitrosoureas, Mitomycin, 5-florouracil and Thiotepa. Alcohol consumption is also one of the major causes of thrombocytopenia. Treatment of thrombocytopenia depends upon the cause and severity of the disease, mild thrombocytopenia dose not required any treatment, but moderate and severe thrombocytopenia required a treatment like blood or platelet transfusions, immune globulin and corticosteroids drugs.