The use of nanomaterials- and nanotechnology-based processes is growing at a tremendous rate in all fields of science and technology. Textile industry is also experiencing the benefits of nanotechnology in its diverse field of applications. Nanoparticle application during conventional textile processing techniques, such as finishing, coating and dyeing, enhances the product performance manifold and imparts hitherto unachieved functionality. Nanotechnology has versatile applications in Textile Chemicals industry in manufacturing garments with stain resistance, flame retardant finishes, wrinkle resistance finishes, moisture management, antimicrobial qualities, UV protection, and soil release properties. Incorporating nanomaterials into a textile can affect a host of properties, including shrinkage, strength, electrical conductivity and flammability. Nanotechnology has also made a tremendous impact on functionality and performance. Nano-treated textiles may lead to many inventions as the science develops in future. The focus of this paper is to summarize recent applications of NT as they relate to textile fibers, yarns, and fabrics.