Description

The creation of efficient drug delivery systems necessitates a thorough analysis of the microparticles or nanostructure of the materials vectors with a high spatial resolution, leading to a thorough comprehension of the design-function connection and maximising therapeutic efficacy [1]. Atomic Force Microscopy-Infrared Spectroscopy (AFM-IR) is a valuable method for the in-depth assessment of a drug delivery system at the nanoscale because it combines the high spatial resolution of AFM with the abilities of IR spectroscopy to determine chemical composition. Furthermore, the tools enable nanoscale mechanical and thermal analysis.

We focus on how AFM-IR is used in a range of drug delivery systems, such as metal-based nanocarriers, lipid-contained nanocarriers, and polymer-based carriers. Also highlighted are the current difficulties and potential future directions for the use of AFM-IR for characterising drug delivery vectors. Recent years have seen a rise in interest in biofilms. The production of biofilms is related to several bacterial illnesses [2]. A vast number of microorganisms and the extracellular polymeric compounds they release together form an aggregated structure that resembles a membrane called a bacterial biofilm. Due to the restricted capacity of antibiotics to diffuse into biofilms and the inactivation of drugs by biofilms, standard antibiofilm strategies, including such chemotherapy based on medicines, are frequently unsuccessful in eliminating biofilms.

Also, a higher dosage of antibiotics may be necessary for success but increases tolerance. A possible approach to tackle this problem is to use intelligent medication delivery devices to introduce antibiotics directly into the inside of the biofilm. The approaches to increase drug delivery effectiveness for increased chemotherapy of biofilms are the main topic of the study [3]. Also, specialists outlined chemical options for improved drug delivery, including chemicals shields, charging reversal, and dual coronal enhanced delivery techniques; these approaches concentrate on the physicochemical characteristics of biofilms and particular biofilm traits. After that, physical methods are addressed, including those that use electricity, shock waves, magnetism, ultrasound, and other physical phenomena to deliver drugs. Finally, a viewpoint on the creation of future antibiofilm medication delivery devices is presented.

The development of precision medicine as well as the desire to pursue wellbeing has turned into research motivations [4]. To accomplish this, researchers have implemented a number of contemporary tactics, such as a progressive method of drug delivery with much less toxicity, tailored administration capability, improved biodegradability, and cost. IPN-based drug delivery systems have been demonstrated to be effective in achieving the predetermined particular goals of specific therapies. Because of their great tunability, biocompatibility, high efficacy of targeted drug administration, etc., IPN based drug delivery systems have increasingly established themselves as effective drug delivery applications.

IPN has emerged as a medication delivery method with a wide range of applications. Extensive study has been done in this field because to their simplicity in implementation for applications involving medication delivery. The goal of this review study was to provide a concise summary of the many kinds, applications, and current changes to it, as well as its synthesis, characterization, and applications. Obstacles in the treatment of inner ear illnesses include the exact delivery of medication molecules to sick cells. Systemic therapy, the initial line of treatment, typically results in semi inner ear medication concentration because of the Blood-Labyrinth Barrier (BLB).

Conclusion

Even while the concentration of the medicine in the inner ear may be higher using the currently recommended local drug delivery techniques, including such intratympanic and intracochlear injection, drainage through the Eustachian tube is difficult. The unwanted need for several doses to keep medication levels at therapeutic levels has encouraged research into better local delivery systems for inner ear treatment. One of the cutting-edge approaches of medication administration to the inner ear involves using hydrogels to carry drug molecules to the circular window membrane through the intratympanic pathway. In this line, many kinds of hydrogels may be created by combining natural polymers like chitosan, hyaluronic acid, and gelatin with artificial polymers like poloxamers. In-depth discussion of medication distribution towards the inner ear and the effects of formulations based on hydrogels were the main objectives of this study.

References

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