In order to reveal the variation of organic acids in root exudates of oiltea camellia (Camellia oleifera Abel.) under different phosphorus (P) concentration and its role in mobilization of sparingly soluble phosphate and uptake of P. Sand culture, liquid collection and P solubility experiment was adopted to study the organic acid secretion of oiltea’ roots and P mobilization in red soil and Ca-P, Al-P and Fe-P by the exudates and organic acids. The results showed that oiltea’s seedling height, stem diameter, dried weight and P contents increased while root/shoot ratios decreased with the raise of P concentration in culture solution. Acetic acid and succinic acid are main acids secreted by oiltea, and oxalic, formic, malic and citric acids increased significantly in response to phosphorus deficiencies. Root exudates enhanced the mobilization of red soil plant-unavailable phosphorus by 100%-211%, and released P from Ca-P had no significant difference with water released, but which from Al-P and Fe-P were 0.2569 g/kg and 75.8 mg/kg higher than that. It was confirmed that there were significant difference in mobilization of Ca-P, Al-P and Fe-P by organic acids and the activation P values by oxalic, malic and citric acids were highest. The greatest extraction capability of P from red soil was obtained by citric acids, followed by oxalic and malic acids. These findings can help to understand the adapting mechanism of oiltea to low phosphorus environment, and provide a reference for management of P in cultivation.