To observe the effect of Rhein and Gallic Acid on inflammatory cytokines in the rats with endotoxmia and discuss the material base and mechanism of Dachengqi decoction for curing endotoxemia. 40 SD rats were divided into 5 groups randomly: control group, model group, and 3 experimental groups. The experimental groups were respectively intragastric administrated 2 days with Dachengqi decoction, Rhein, Gallic before modeling. While the model group and the control group were administrated 0.5% sterile solution of Sodium salt. At the third day, the rats except control group were made models by the method of abdominal cavity infection via intraperitoneal injection of rat feces suspension, in order to induce endotoxmia. Rats were orally administrated at 1 hour after modeling and 1 hour before taking their blood. 8 hours after modeling, their blood were taken for use. At last, the content of IL-10, IL-1β and TNF-α in the serum were detected. After being made the endotoxemia model, compared with the control group, the contents of IL-10, IL-1β and TNF-α in rats’ serum were risen evidently in the model group and each curing group (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, the content of IL-10, IL-1β and TNF-α were decreased obviously in each curing group simultaneously(P<0.01). It shows that Rhein and Gallic Acid are the material base as they assumed a certain role in the treatment of Dachengqi decoction on endotoxemia; the mechanism of curing the endotoxemia is related with the antagonism to the inflammatory cytokines IL-10, IL-1β and TNF-α in serum.