Sural nerve is formed by communication of medial sural cutaneous nerve, that arise from tibial nerve in popliteal fossa and peroneal communicating nerve, a branch directly from common peroneal nerve or from lateral sural cutaneous nerve. The objective of this study was to determine the formation of sural nerve, describe an unusual and few reported anatomical variation and review the clinical and surgical significance. A total of 16 cadavers of both sexes (15 men and 1 women) with different age group were used for the study in the Morphology Laboratory at the University of Pamplona. The typical sural nerve was formed in 93,75% of the cases (type A). The peroneal communicating nerve originated from common peroneal nerve and too originated from lateral sural cutaneous nerve. In 6,25% (2 lower limbs) of the cases peroneal communicating nerve was considered as absent. In the left lower limb, both medial sural cutaneous nerve, and lateral sural cutaneous nerve were absent. The sural nerve arose directly from the tibial nerve. It’s observed a communicating branch between tibial nerve and common peroneal nerve. In the right lower limb, lateral sural cutaneous nerve was absent. The sural nerve arose directly from the common peroneal nerve. Peroneal communicating nerve was considered as absent. The knowledge of the sural nerve complex (normal anatomy and variations in origin and course) is important in evaluating of the patients, as well explaining the different clinical findings necessary for accuracy treatment.