This study was undertaken to evaluate the antiurolithiatic effect of methanolic extract of Abelmoschus moschatus seeds (MAM) against calcium oxalate urolithiasis using male Wistar rats. Urolithiasis was induced by administration of 0.75 % v/v ethylene glycol with 1 % w/v ammonium chloride in drinking water for three days followed by only 0.75 % v/v ethylene glycol for next 25 days. Antiurolithiatic activity was evaluated at three doses of MAM (viz., 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) in curative and preventive regimen by estimating histological changes in kidney tissues and biochemical changes in urine, serum and kidney tissue homogenate. Ethylene glycol-ammonium chloride feeding caused alteration in volume and levels of calcium, oxalate, total protein, phosphate, uric acid, magnesium, citrate in the urine. The MAM treatment also increased urine volume but less than calculi-induced animals. The MAM supplementation significantly prevented biochemical changes in the urine dose-dependently. Supplementation with MAM prevented the elevation of serum creatinine, uric acid and blood urea nitrogen levels. The increased calcium, oxalate and phosphate levels in the kidney tissue of lithiatic rats were significantly reduced by the MAM treatment. The MAM supplementation also caused significant decrease in accumulation of calcium oxalate deposits, histological changes and lipid peroxidation activity in the kidney tissue. These results indicate that administration of Abelmoschus moschatus seed extract reduced and prevented the growth of urinary stones. The possible mechanism underlying this effect is mediated collectively through diuretic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory properties and lowering the concentration of urinary stone-forming constituents.