Anacardiaceae family is composed for 73 genus, with 850 species, containing trees and shrubs. In Brazil, the Schinus molle L. and Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi. are popularly known as Aroeira or Aroeira-pimenteira, and they occur in tropical and subtropical regions around the world. Several classes of compounds can be found in extracts obtained from these plants, such as terpenes (1-terpinen-4-ol) and flavonoids (kaempferol). The essential oil from S. molle L. is rich in monoterpenes and shows interesting antioxidant activity. It showed effectiveness as repellent and acted as hunger inhibitor in Sitophilus oryzae L., popularly known as weevils. Ethanol extract from S. terebinthifolius Raddi present some compounds with pharmacological activity, such as Schinol and 4’-ethyl-4- methyl-2,2’,6,6’-tetrahydroxy[1,1’-biphenyl]-4,4’-dicarboxylate, responsible by antifungal activity against the fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. Finally, other substances were isolated from these two species with several biological activities such as antimicrobial, antifungal, insecticidal, repellent, and anti-inflammatory.