The use of Cannabis sativa and its components has been reported and spread, and it's in constant need of related studies. The molecular study of its properties has recently emerged with the discovery of an endogenous cannabinoid system. Popularly known as marijuana, Cannabis sativa has been receiving attention due to its therapeutic potential, but also for being the most popular illicit drug. Its use generates doubts among the lay people and health professionals, due mainly to its toxic effects commonly reported. The present paper is a Systematic Review which aims at researching the state-of-the-art knowledge of Cannabis sativa and its components, aiming at answering the following question: "Which are the Pharmacological and Toxicological Aspects of Cannabis sativa reported in literature?", using the databases Scielo, PubMed and Capes Journals, and the keywords: Cannabis sativa AND Cannabidiol AND Tetrahydrocannabinol. The criteria used were papers published between 2011 and 2016, in English, Portuguese and Spanish, which reported the information aimed at and were of open access. After the inclusion criteria had been applied, the selection went through three other phases: reading of titles, reading of abstracts and reading of full articles, respectively. At the end of such process, forty nine articles were selected. In general, the information searched was properly found, which contributed to consolidate the knowledge on the Pharmacological and Toxicological aspects of Cannabis sativa and opened perspectives for future researches.