Recombinant human nerve growth factor derivatives (rhNGF), as one of the most important bioactive molecules of nervous system, can promote peripheral nerve regeneration after injury. However, no report has been found about therapeutic effect of rhNGF on peripheral neuropathy caused by cancer chemotherapy drugs so far. Our objective is to study the therapeutic effect of rhNGF on peripheral neuropathy caused by cancer chemotherapy drugs. Toxic peripheral neuropathy model in rats caused by cisplatin was prepared, at the same time preventive treatment was adopted by intramuscular injection with rhNGF. rhNGF treatment groups with high, medium and low dosage had lower pain threshold, faster sensory nerve conduction velocity and higher action potential amplitude compared with model control group. Pathological examination indicated that compared with model control group, treatment groups had higher density of sensory nerve sural nerve, and less microfilament plaques in the spinal ganglia.The rhNGF could reduce the adverse reactions of anticancer chemotherapy, improve the limited quantity and enhance the curative effect of anticarcinogen.