Microencapsulation process make the small droplets of oil are surrounded by a shell coating of proteins and carbohydrate resulting in small dry granules, an extended shelf life, and eliminating the unpleasant taste and odor. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to optimize the parameters of microencapsulation of the silkworm pupal oil. The linear term of the ratio of wall material and core material, and the quadratics of the mass fraction of solids, the ratio of wall material and core material, and homogeneous time, as well as the interactions between the mass fraction of solids and homogeneous time showed significant effects on microencapsulate efficiency. The optimal condition for microencapsulation of oil within the experimental range of the variables researched was at 6.13min, 2.37 wall material:1 core material, 20.37% of the mass fraction of solids. At this condition, the predicted value of microencapsulates efficiency reached 53.95%. The freeze-dried microcapsules have two types of structures, small spherical units of less than 10μm and agglomerates less than 5μm.