Introduction: The aim of this research is to examine the ability of Kerman dental students and residents in patient diagnosis and treatment plan. Materials and Methods: To perform this research 6 questions consist of the most common cases that a dentist may deal with it in his working time, designed by the dental specialists. To do this research, at first referred to the education`s office of dental school and a list of all residents and students in years 5th and 6th was prepared, and then gave the questionnaire to them and asked them to filled it and gave back. The results were analyzed with ANOVA test, T-TEST and the SPSS version 21 program. The significant level in data analysis was p<0.05. Results: In this study 168 questionnaires were distributed and 131 questionnaires were returned (The response percent=77.9%). 42 residents and 89 students participated in this study. 32 of the participants were male and 99 of them were female. 94 percent of the participants gave correct answer for diagnosis of the pericoronitis. Also 97.4 percent of the participants gave correct answer for treatment of carious teeth. Review of the correct answers in this study indicates that, based on all questions the average score is 8.5 from 14 (Rating from 0 to 14). Conclusions: This study indicates that although the score that obtained from diagnosis and treatment plan are approximately appropriate, but the students have little information to deal with systemic cases such as request laboratory tests and diagnosis of leukemia.