The Rakhain tribe came to Bangladesh from Myanmar and settled in various parts of Patuakhali district, Bangladesh around 1780. Various communities of the tribe are now residing in Patuakhali as well as the districts of Chittagong Hill Tracts region of the country. The communities have their own tribal medicinal practitioners (TMPs). In a preliminary survey, it was observed that TMPs of various scattered communities of the Rakhain tribe in Patuakhali district differ in their selection of medicinal plants and diseases treated. To get a comprehensive documentation of the medicinal plant knowledge of the Rakhain tribe, the objective of this study was to conduct an ethnomedicinal survey among three TMPs of two Rakhain communities in Patuakhali district. It was observed that the three TMPs used a total of 15 plants distributed into 12 families in their medicinal formulations. These formulations were used to treat gout, anemia, asthma, fever, pain, weakness, dizziness, typhoid, coughs, gastrointestinal disorders, chicken pox, skin disorders, diabetes, malaria, hypertension, arthritis, measles, aging, jaundice, urinary disorders, and rhinitis. One noteworthy feature of the treatments was that the TMPs used different plant parts from the same plant to treat different diseases, thus demonstrating a good knowledge of medicinal plants. This knowledge can be utilized by researchers to possibly discover new and better drugs against diseases like diabetes, malaria, hypertension, gout and arthritis.