This paper presents a SBM model with variable of negative output, based on slack variable, and then we divide the whole society into economic development system and social governance system, evaluate economic development and social governance efficiency of 31 provinces of China during 2010-2012 with negative output SBM model, SBM network model and dynamic network SBM model. The results showed that the Midwest provinces kept good economic efficiency these years, while the eastern provinces continuously decreased; the Midwest provinces also kept good social governance efficiency, which derives from better natural environment and less population, Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai and Zhejiang both kept social governance efficiency, which derives from perfect economy transition and social security system. As for network effect, most provinces network efficiency is lower than single efficiency except Xizang. As for dynamic effect, Fujian and Guizhou is not positive of single efficiency but positive on dynamic efficiency, which shows the two provinces have good recycling of resources.