Leishmaniasis is a deadly parasitic disease transmitted by phlebotomines and flies. It is a neglected tropical disease, especially concentrated in the less developed countries; leishmanial infection is responsible for high molarity rate. The infection is classified as three major form: mucosal (ML), cutaneous (CL), and visceral leishmaniasis (VL). The nature of intracellular and disseminated location of parasite, the chemotherapeutic agents are very limited, and increasing the resistance of first line drugs creates a great challenge to formulation scientist that have to make necessary effective management of this Leishmaniasis infection by altering the delivery of resisted (or) existing drugs. Over the past decades, research on development of modulated treatments such as novel based drug delivery system (nanotube, nano suspension, nanoparticle, liposomes etc.); the use of anti leishmanial drugs, development of anti leishmanial vaccine as well as natural products has been extensively investigated.