A National Pharmaceutical Industry Profile is a key indicator for innovation-driven growth of any national economy and its level of social assistance. Competitiveness of the pharmaceutical industry is determined by many factors such as innovation, production quality, the number of large producers, export position, etc. Innovation in pharmaceutical industry is associated with branded pharmaceutical companies that make a great deal of investments in Research and Development (R&D). Factor, cluster, and regression analyses were implemented to estimate the level of competitiveness of national pharmaceutical industries. According to the factors influencing competitiveness, we provide a rating of countries in the field of their pharmaceutical industry and define the place of Russia. As the level of competitiveness of the Russian pharmaceutical industry turns out very low, we analyze the causes of such a failure. Although development of the national pharmaceutical industry is one of the priorities for the government, there are some factors listed that determine the low position of the Russian pharmaceutical industry.