Description

Heart Failure (HF) persists as an advanced condition with multiple causes that create patients at high risk of morbidity and mortality. Although proper management and treatment of other cardiovascular entities (such as myocardial ischemia, acute coronary syndromes, acute myocarditis), as well as cardiovascular risk factors (such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus), decrease the associated mortality, epidemiological data indicate that morbidity is still high, at least in the case of Heart Failure (HF) with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction. The fact that HF has a multifactorial genesis and variable phenotypic presentation provides additional management difficulties for patients and might be a reason that HF care has been in a relatively "steady state" during the past two decades.

However, over the last 5 years significant evolvement on the field of pharmacological and mechanical management (in cases of advance heart failure) has been achieved. The effectiveness of sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, the advancement made by the sacubitril/valsartan combination in patients with low left ventricular ejection fraction, the ongoing clinical trials on myosin activators-Omecamtiv Mecarbil particularly those related progression of cardiac amyloidosis and left ventricular outflow obstruction in patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. Even so, over the past five years, there has been a substantial development in the fields of cardiopulmonary rehabilitation and pharmaceutical therapy (in cases of severe heart failure).

There are still deficiencies, particularly in terms of the optimal way to treat patients with HF and diastolic dysfunction. Total Artificial Hearts (TAH) appear to concentrate benefits among surgical approaches, with an annual increase in TAH implants; at present, the overall prognosis of patient’s remains poor, with major problems (stroke, bleeding, infection). Furthermore, hospital mortality in this cohort has remained high throughout the study period, indicating the difficulty in managing people with biventricular failure and the necessity for large volume specialised centres. The hormonal changes that occur from puberty to mild aging, the various risk factor profiles, the variations in the presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of ischemic heart disease, as well as the modification of treatment plans, are just a few of the issues that they have raised up and require the attention of treating physicians. However due to the fact that there are currently no proven treatments that improve survival, the illness is underdiagnosed. The on-going clinical trials may revive interest in this lipoprotein, though.

The cardiovascular system's involvement and role are highlighted, which is being released at the height of COVID-19's second wave. Based on the most recent studies, they emphasise the connection between the condition and myocardial injury, heart failure, and arrhythmias, the impact of cardiovascular disease on the prognosis and symptoms of the condition, and the role of hyper inflammatory syndrome in atherosclerotic lesions. Regarding the use of social isolation as a COVID-19 infection prevention strategy. It focuses on distant monitoring and examination of implantable electronic devices for the heart. Technology advancements should be included as soon as feasible, and over the course of the next ten years, a network of central stations can gain control over the implantable devices, improving patient monitoring and the detection of worsening factors in accordance with measures of social distance.