In order to provide basis for the pollution control and comprehensive utilization of coal mine drainage (CMD), chemical characteristics and environmental impact of CMD in Shandong province were studied. In this paper, mine water quality of 65 mines distributed in 9 major coalfields in Shandong province were analyzed, and the results of which show that CMD can be summarized into the following types: common CMD, acid CMD,CMD with high total dissolved solid (TDS), CMD with high fluoride, and CMD with high sulfate.Chemical characteristics of CMD tend to be different depending on the hydro-geological conditions of mining areas. The discharge of CMD resulted in contamination on the water resource and the pollution characteristics are closely related to pollutants within the CMD.