Both biometric behavior study and fruit biochemical analysis of five varieties of Syrian Pistacia vera introduced in Algeria in 1998 and raised in semi-arid bioclimatic stage (common Maoussa, Mascara, Algeria) led to a qualitative comparison. Based on the pistachio descriptor criteria established by the International Plant Genetic Resources Institute in 1997, characterization and descriptor of female varieties of pistachio were performed. The obtained results allow the better choice of species breeding in semi-arid zone of sandy clay soil structure under an average annual rainfall of 385 mm. The best fruit biometric and biochemical characteristics increase as follows: Achouri, Neb-djemel, Bayadhi, Batouri and Adjmi.