Osteoporosis is a common condition in postmenopausal women. There are numerous indications that genetic factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis. The vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene has been suggested as a possible candidate gene for the regulation of bone mass but the relationship between VDR polymorphisms and osteoporosis is controversial and has not been confirmed by all workers in different ethnic groups studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pattern of vitamin D receptor (VDR) genes polymorphism in postmenopausal Syrian females for possible genetic role. Syrian postmenopausal women with and without osteoporosis were diagnosed by bone mineral density measurement then were subjected to identification of VDR genes TaqI polymorphism by PCR technique followed by RFLP analysis. The frequencies of TT, Tt and tt genotypes in patients were 26.4%, 49.1% and 24.5%, respectively. While, in controls their frequency was 27.5%, 67.5% and 5%, respectively. This difference is significant between patients and controls (p = 0.0340). Postmenopausal females carrying TT or Tt genotypes were more risky to develop osteoporosis (P = 0.0116, OR = 6.157).