This paper introduces the wireless sensor network routing protocol and its security, and introduces the main several kinds of routing protocols, including the data centric routing protocol, hierarchical routing protocols and location-based routing protocol, finally according to the analysis of routing protocol common attack method. Ant colony algorithm is a distributed parallel algorithm. A single ant search process is independent of each other, easy to fall into local optimum. BP neural network is essentially a simple steepest descent static optimization algorithm. This paper proposed wireless sensor routing and security protocol based on BP neural network and ant colony optimization algorithm.