The chewing sticks have been in tradition for several decades without knowing the scientific value of it. The aim of the present study was to make a comparative study about the antibacterial activity between neem and miswak in dental caries patients with diabetes. About fifteen diabetic patients with chronic dental caries were selected on the basis of information through a questionnaire form. The saliva and the plaque samples were collected from them. The effectivity of caries was determined by the caries susceptibility test. Streptococcus sp. and Lactobacillus sp., the predominant cariogens were isolated from them and the antibacterial activity of aqueous extract of neem and miswak at 50% concentration proved to exhibit maximum antibacterial activity.